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Affelt, A., & Affelt, A. (2019). How To Spot Misinformation. National Public Radio.https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78973-361-720191005

Anderson, B. Y. J., & Rainie, L. (2017). Future of Truth and Misinformation. PewResearch Centre.

Aral, S. (2020). How we can protect truth in the age of misinformation. TED Talks. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7ORAKULel4

Balcetis, E., & Dunning, D. (2006). See what you want to see: Motivational influ-ences on visual perception. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,91(4), 612–625. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.91.4.612

Belluz, J. (2019). New York’s Orthodox Jewish community is battling measles outbreaks. Vaccine deniers are to blame. Vox News. Retrieved from https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2018/11/9/18068036/measles-new-york-ortho-dox-jewish-community-vaccines

Buchanan, R. (1992). Wicked Problems Thinking in Design. Design Issues, 8(2), 5–21.

Cairo, A. (2015). Graphics Lies, Misleading Visuals. 103–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6596-5

Davis, W. (2016). Fake news or real? How to self-check the news and get the facts. National Public Radio, 1–12. Retrieved from https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/12/05/503581220/fake-or-real-how-to-self-check-the-news-and-get-the-facts

Edkins, B. (2016). Americans Believe They Can Detect Fake News. Studies Show They Can’t. Forbes, 8–10. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/bretted-kins/2016/12/20/americans-believe-they-can-detect-fake-news-studies-show-they-cant/#3bcb91f4022b

Fishwick, C. (2019). The science behind the dress colour illusion. The Guardian, 1–5.

Flynn, D. J., Reifler, J., & Nyhan, B. (2016). The Nature and Origins of Misper-ceptions. European Research Council. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12394

Goodman, E., Kuniavsky, M., & Moed, A. (2012). BalancingNeeds through Itera-tive. 21–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-384869-7.00003-6

Green, M., & Donahue, J. (2018). The effect of false information in news stories. Misinformation and Mass Audiences, 109–123. 

Haag, M., & Salam, M. (2017). Gunman in ‘Pizzagate’ Shooting Is Sentenced to 4 Years in Prison. The New York Times, 2017.

Harari, Y. N. (2014). Sapiens, A Brief History of Humankind.

Hemsley, J., & Snyder, J. (2016). Dimensions of visual misinformation in the emerging media landscape. Misinformation and Mass Audiences.

Hutchinson, A. (2019). Facebook Reaches 2.38 Billion Users, Beats Revenue Esti-mates in Latest Update. Social Media Today, 1–6. Retrieved from https://www.socialmediatoday.com/news/facebook-reaches-238-billion-users-beats-revenue-estimates-in-latest-upda/553403/

Illing, B. S. (2017). America’s misinformation problem, explained. Vox.

Illing, S. (2020). “Flood the zone with shit”: How misinformation overwhelmed our democracy. Vox.

Innis, H. A. (1993). The Bias of Communication. In Canadian Journal of Communi-cation (Vol. 18). https://doi.org/10.22230/cjc.1993v18n2a748

Ireton, C., & Posetti, and J. (2018). Journalism, ‘Fake News’ & Handbook for Jour-nalism Education and Training.

Jamieson, A. (2017). “You are fake news”: Trump attacks CNN and BuzzFeed at press conference. The Guardian.Retrieved from https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/jan/11/trump-attacks-cnn-buzzfeed-at-press-conference

Kastrenakes, J. (2019). Twitter keeps losing monthly users, so it’s going to stop sharing how many. The Verge.

Landreville, K. D., Beam, M. A., & LaMarre, H. L. (2009). The irony of satire: Polit-ical ideolog. International Journal, 212–231.

Loftus, E. F. (2005). Planting misinformation in the human mind: A 30-year inves-tigation of themalleability of memory. Learning and Memory, 12(4), 361–366. https://doi.org/10.1101/lm.94705

Murphy, H. (2019). How White Nationalists See What They Want to See in DNA Tests. The New York Times, 1–8.

Posetti, J., & Matthews, A. (2018). A short guide to the history of ’fake news’ and disinformation. Journal of Mass Media Ethics. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327728jmme1502_3

Poynter. (2020). A guide to anti-misinformation actions around the world. Retrieved from https://www.poynter.org/ifcn/anti-misinformation-actions/

Robb, A. (2016). Anatomy of a Fake News Scandal. Rolling Stone. Retrieved from https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/anatomy-of-a-fake-news-scandal-125877/

Rossing, J. P. (2017). No joke: Silent jesters and comedic refusals. Rhetoric and Public Affairs, 20(3), 545–555. https://doi.org/10.14321/rhetpublaffa.20.3.0545

Silverman, C. (2016). This Analysis Shows How Viral Fake Election News Stories Outperformed Real News On Facebook. BuzzFeed News, 1–7. Retrieved from https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/viral-fake-election-news-outperformed-real-news-on-facebook

Silverman, C., & Singer-Vine,J. (2016). Most Americans Who See Fake News Believe It. Buzzfeed, 1–14. Retrieved from https://www.buzzfeednews.com/arti-cle/craigsilverman/fake-news-survey

Stahl, B. C. (2006). On the difference or equality of information, misinformation, and disinformation: A criticalresearch perspective. Informing Science, 9, 83–96. https://doi.org/10.28945/473

Statista. (2015). Number of monthly active Instagram users from January 2013 to December 2014. Retrieved from http://www.statista.com/statistics/253577/number-of-monthly-active-instagram-users/

Tavlin, N. (2015). How false news can spread. TED ED. Retrieved from https://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-false-news-can-spread-noah-tavlin

Thorson, E. A. (2018). Comparing Approaches to Journalistic Fact Checking. Misinformation and Mass Audiences.

Thorson, E. A., Sheble, L., & Southwell, B. G. (2019). An Agenda for Misinforma-tion Research. Misinformation and Mass Audiences. Retrieved from http://ebook-central.proquest.com/lib/qut/detail.action?docID=5145716.

Törnberg, P. (2018). Echo chambers and viral misinformation: Modeling fake news as complex contagion. PLoS ONE, 13(9), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203958

Ulrich, W. (2001). A Philosophical Staircase for Information Systems Definition, Design, and Development: A Discursive Approach to Reflective Practice in ISD. Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application, 3(3), 55.

van Nes, F., Abma, T., Jonsson, H., & Deeg, D. (2010). Language differences in qualitative research: Is meaning lost in translation? European Journal of Ageing, 7(4), 313–316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-010-0168-y

Wardle, C., & Derakhshan, H. (2017). Information Disorder: Toward an interdisci-plinary framework for research and policy making. Report to the Council of Europe, 

Wendling, M. (2018). The (almost) complete history of “fake news.” BBC Trend-ing.

Wong, J. (2020). As the coronavirus spreads, misinformation is spreading even faster. The Guardian.

Young, D. G. (2018). Can Satire and Irony Constitute Misinformation? Misinfor-mation and Mass Audiences, 124.